HYBRID OPERATING MODELS IN FINANCE: THE INTEGRATION OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AS A KEY TO INNOVATION

Abstract

The article focuses on the role of emerging technologies – such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) – in the development of hybrid operating models within the financial sector. It highlights the growing importance of digital platforms and open ecosystems as foundations of institutional transformation. The author presents practical examples of hybrid model implementation, analyzing cases of institutions such as Santander, ING, Revolut, and N26. A case study based on the TPF (Technology – Process – Firm) model allows for a comparative analysis of innovation strategies across different types of organizations, from traditional banks to fully digital fintechs. The study incorporates secondary data, academic literature, and quantitative indicators to identify key factors influencing efficiency, agility, and scalability. The article also addresses regulatory challenges and institutional limitations while emphasizing the potential of hybrid structures as a tool for building innovative and resilient financial organizations.